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Objective To explore the clinical and pathological characterizations of single progesterone receptor positive breast cancer,and identify the prognostic factors.Methods Obtained from SEER database,the author selected female patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer between January 1,2010,and December 31,2013.Seven hundred and seventy-five cases were single progesterone receptor positive breast cancer and 12 075 cases were triple negative breast cancers.Patient characteristics were compared using a Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves.The multivariate COX regression models were built to assess the independent association of all the variables.Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of race (P =0.711),tumor location (P =0.325),marital status (P =0.255),Grade (P =0.773),tumor size (P =0.949),lymph node status (P =0.821),stage (P =0.567) or radiation treatment (P =0.434).Compared with triple negative breast cancer,patients with single progesterone receptor positive breast cancer tended to be younger(P =0.001),however no significant difference was found in breast cancer-specific survival(P =0.481)between the two groups.Larger tumor size [HR =2.777 (95％ CI:1.295-5.955),P =0.009],and lymph node invasion [HR =3.669 (95％ CI:1.881-7.154),P ＜ 0.001] could significantly increase the risk of dying from cancer in single progesterone receptor positive breast cancer patients.Conclusions Single progesterone receptor positive breast cancer presented with an early onset of disease,and experienced similar cancer-specific survival as triple negative breast cancer.Tumor size and lymph node status were independent prognostic factors.
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Objective To investigate the anatomical relation between Zuckerkandl's tubercle and recurrent laryngeal nerve and the superior parathyroid glands anatomy in endoscopic thyroidectomy.Methods From Jul.2012 to Jun.2014 implementation of the 120 cases of endoscopic thyroid surgery (at least one side of the line lobectomy) intraoperative Zuckerkandl tubercle of the presence, all the patients from Subei People's Hospital and location of the relationship between anatomy recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid glands.Zuckerkandl tubercle identified by intraoperative recunent laryngeal nerve to expose and superior parathyroid glands.Results Zuckerkandl tubercle appear in the vast majority of cases: on the left is 86％ (51/59), 88％ in the right side (65/74), most of superior parathyroid glands were located on the top of Zuckerkandl tubercle.Looking for recurrent laryngeal nerve by Zuckerkandl tubercle method is more direct, can reduce surgical bleeding and shmten the operation time.Conclusion Recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid glands and have close anatomical relationship with Zuckerkandl tubercle.In endoscopic thyroidectomy by intraoperative discern Zuckerkandl tubercle can better avoid injury recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parathyroid glands.
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Long non-coding RNAs are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nt without any function of coding protein,and gradually become a new focus of cancer research because of their important roles in regulating genes expression at the epigenetic,transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.Recently,more researches show that are closely related to the occurrence of breast cancer and other tumors.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the developing understanding of LncRNAs associated with breast cancer.
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Background and purpose:Aberrant DNA methylation that leads to the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes plays important roles in development and progression of breast cancer. Clinically, related gene methylation is considered to be a promising biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the methylation status ofSox17 gene in breast cancer tissue and its corresponding plasma circulating DNA, as well as to investigate its value in breast cancer early diagnosis and prognosis.Methods:TheSox17 gene promoter methylation status was detected by MSP in 86 cases of breast cancer, 36 normal breast tissues and its paired plasma DNA, the results were analyzed with corresponding clinical and pathological features.Results:The frequency ofSox17 gene methylation rate among 86 breast cancer tissues was 77.9%(67/86), and was 61.6%(53/86)in plasma circulating DNA, however, noSox17 gene methylation was found in normal breast tissues.Sox17 gene promoter methylation in plasma circulating DNA was signiifcantly associated with the methylation status in tumor tissues (r=0.502,P=0.000). In breast cancer tissue specimens,Sox17 methylation status was significantly correlated with tumor stage (χ2=6.18,P=0.041) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=13.54,P=0.001);Sox17 gene methylation rate was signiifcantly correlated with tumor stage (χ2=27.06,P=0.000), tumor size (χ2=9.65,P=0.007) and lymph node metastasis (χ2=20.80,P=0.000) in plasma samples, and there was no signiifcant difference ofSox17 gene methylation between patient age, histological grade and ER, PR, HER-2/neu status.Conclusion:Sox17 gene promoter methylation plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of breast cancer, and may be associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, methylatedSox17 gene may be a useful tumor biomarker in plasma circulating DNA for breast cancer detection and disease monitoring.
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Background and purpose: DNA methylation is an important mechanism for regulating gene expression, and plays an important role in the tumorigenesis. Study shows that DNA methylation is a potentially promising biomarker in tumor diagnosis, prognosis as well as treatment selection. This study aimed to analyze the methylation status and assessed possible clinical value of 3 DNA repair genes BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT in breast cancer samples of Chinese women. Methods:Using methylation speciifc PCR (MSP), we analyzed the methylation status of 3 DNA repair genes BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT in 106 paired breast tumors and corresponding normal tissues. Results: The methylation rates of BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT were 24.5% (26/106), 29.2% (31/106) and 18.9%(20/106) in breast cancer tissues, which were higher than those (7.5%, 11.3%and 4.7%) in paired normal breast tissues, respectively (P<0.01). Methylation in at least one of the genes was found in 50.9%(54/106) of the breast cancer and 19.8%(21/106) in paired normal breast tissues. And the mean number of genes hypermethylated in each tumor and paired normal breast tissues were 0.73 and 0.24, respectively (P<0.000 1). The methylation status of BRCA1 was more frequent in the younger patients than in the older patients (P=0.007) and most BRCA1 methylated patients were ER negative (P=0.020). Methylation status of GSTP1 was signiifcantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis (P=0.028 and 0.033, respectively). MGMT methylation was significantly correlated with tumor stage, higher tumor grade and lymph node metastasis (P=0.016, 0.025 and 0.030, respectively). High frequency simultaneous methylation of these 3 genes was more often in those with higher tumor stage and lymph node metastasis (P=0.028 and 0.007, respectively). Conclusion:Hypermethylation of BRCA1, GSTP1 and MGMT genes may be linked to various known clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Chinese women, and the increasing multiple gene methylation in tumors may indicate an aggressive phenotype for breast cancer. Detection of the methylation status of these genes may be useful for identifying patients at high risk for breast cancer.
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Objective To investigate the reliability and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) using methylene blue staining techniques.Methods Nineteen patients,older than 45,with PTC were included in the study.No case had clinical evidence of cervical lymph node involvement(cNO).Methylene blue was injected around the tumor during surgery.The stained lymph nodes were dissected.Subtotal thyroidectomy and modified radical neck dissection were performed.Both the bulk specimen and SLN were submitted for routine histology.Results The sentinel lymph nodes( SLN )were identified in 18 cases,with SLN positive in 13 cases.The sensitivity and specificity of SLNB were 86.6％ and 94.4％ respectively.There was 1 case with SLN metastasis in the lateral neck,and 1 case with positive lymph node and negative SLN.Conclusion SLNB is sensitive in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis and has clinical significance in making operative plans for cN0 PTC.